Background. Cancer is the second and most common cause of death in developed countries, and epidemiological evidence suggests a similar trend in developing countries. Cancer is currently the cause of twelve percent of all deaths worldwide. The ERK pathway contains important modulators suitable for growth and proliferation, especially tumors. This pathway is activated by oxidative stress, growth factors, intracellular increases in calcium levels, and stimulation of glutamate receptors. The Sprouty/Spred family acts as definitive negative regulators of the Ras/Raf/ERK signal.
View Points. The Sprouty/Spred family specifically inhibits ERK activity in response to a wide range of factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and glial cell-derived growth factor (GDNF). This family can inhibit MAPK activity and exert its effect on the downstream level. Typically, these proteins inhibit growth by modulating RTK signaling and suppressing the MAPK_ERK signaling pathway, suppressing cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. On the other hand, through tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGF causes growth, proliferation, survival, and migration of endothelial cells and increases vascular permeability.
Objectives. Research on the effect of exercise at various levels on the Sperouty/Spred family in both inactive healthy individuals and patients, especially in cancer situations, has not been performed. So, future research can be directed in this way.